L-Arginine

Arginine (abbreviated as Arg or R) is an a-amino acid. It was first isolated in 1886. The L-form is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids. At the level of molecular genetics, in the structure of the messenger ribonucleic acid mRNA, CGU, CGC, CGA, CGG, AGA, and AGG, are the triplets of nucleotide bases or codons that codify for arginine during protein synthesis. In mammals, arginine is classified as a semiessential or conditionally essential amino acid, depending on the developmental stage and health status of the individual. Preterm infants are unable to synthesize or create arginine internally, making the amino acid nutritionally essential for them. There are some conditions that put an increased demand on the body for the synthesis of L-arginine, including surgical or other trauma, sepsis and burns.[citation needed] Arginine was first isolated from a lupin seedling extract in 1886 by the Swiss chemist Ernst Schultze.

In general, most people do not need to take arginine supplements because the body usually produces enough. The amino acid side-chain of arginine consists of a 3-carbon aliphatic straight chain, the distal end of which is capped by a complex guanidinium group.
Delocalization of charge in guanidinium group of L-Arginine

With a pKa of 12.48, the guanidinium group is positively charged in neutral, acidic and even most basic environments, and thus imparts basic chemical properties to arginine. Because of the conjugation between the double bond and the nitrogen lone pairs, the positive charge is delocalized, enabling the formation of multiple H-bonds.

The Function of Alanine

Alanine is an amino acid that classified as non-essential amino acid. It can be developed into glucose in amino cycle because it is part of the glucogenic amino acid. The molecular structure of the alanine is simple Alanine is available in food. Meat, egg, gelatin, fish, milk, and dairy products are the example of the alanine from animal sources. Besides that, it is also able to be got in plant. Alanine can be got from rice, soy, nuts, corn, seeds, etc.

The synthesis of the alanine is not too complicated. Alanine is part of the manufacture of the human body. Alanine consists of many types of amino acid. From that, reaction can be made in the form of transamination. Transamination is a transfer from one amino acid to another. Then, it can create new amino acid. Alanine is made in the muscle from the reaction of glutamic acid and pyruvic acid.

Alanine an Amino Acid

Alanine, or L-alanine, is an amino acid that helps the body convert the simple sugar glucose into energy and eliminate excess toxins from the liver. Amino acids are the building blocks of protein, and are key to building strong, healthy muscles-alanine has been shown to help protect cells through being harmed in the course of intensive exercise task, if your human body cannibalizes muscles protein to aid generate energy.

Alanine is crucial for preserving balanced levels of nitrogen and glucose in the body, which it does through a series of chemical actions called the alanine cycle. During the alanine cycle, any excess amino acids (proteins) in cells or tissues are transferred to a receptor molecule called pyruvate, which is produced by the breakdown of glucose. The pyruvate is then converted to alanine and transferred to the liver. The liver extracts nitrogen from alanine and converts some of it back into pyruvate, which can then be used to produce more glucose. Any excess nitrogen is then converted into urea and passed out of the body during urination. This cycle, glucose-pyruvate-alanine-pyruvate-glucose, helps supply the body with the energy it needs to support cellular life. It also ensures that a constant supply of pyruvate is available to allow the synthesis of glucose and amino acids in the body.

Alanine is a nonpolar amino acid with an aliphatic R group (-CH3), therefore it does not easily dissolve in water. Amino acids for polymers that make up proteins which carry out many of required functions of a cell. An aliphatic R group means that the substituent is not aromatic but rather has a carbon based chain like an alkane. The side chain of Alanine tends to cluster together within proteins which in turn stabilize the internal structure of the protein by means of hydrophobic interactions. The hydrophobic interactions give the protein more stability and help to dictate secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure. This methyl group makes Alanine one of the more simple amino acids from a molecular pint of view. The methyl group is rarely directly involved in enzymatic reactions. Like all twenty of the common amino acids, the ?-carbon is attached to the methyl substituent as well as the amino and carboxyl groups of the main backbone of the amino acid. Alanine is also ambivalent, meaning that it can be found both inside and outside of the protein.
Alanine can be abbreviated with the three letter combination of Ala or with the single letter A. The chemical formula is CH3CH(NH2)COOH. It is a nonessential amino acid and is directly produced by the body. It is also required for metabolism of glucose, a simple carbohydrate that the body uses for energy, and tryptophan in the body. Alanine is a plays a key role in important source of energy for the muscle tissue, brain and central nervous system. It also helps to produce antibodies for the immune system. Alanine plays a major role in the transfer of nitrogen from peripheral tissue to the liver in the glucose-alanine cycle.

What Are the Benefits of Glutamic Acid

Glutamic acid is a common amino acid and considered nonessential because it can be synthesized in the body, specifically in your brain where by it functions because a neurotransmitter, or chemical messenger. As such, glutamic acid is considered "brain fuel" and important for increased head functions. It is also important for muscle function, specifically progress along with reduced recovery time. Further, glutamic acid is needed to remove toxic ammonia from the brain and muscles. By interacting with ammonia, glutamic acid converts into glutamine and becomes a powerful antioxidant.

Brain Functions
As a neurotransmitter, glutamic acid appears to support mental functioning, including boosting IQ, enhancing alertness, balancing mood and preventing senility. Glutamic acid is also needed, along with vitamin B6 and manganese, to form GABA, another important neurotransmitter. One of the first studies on glutamic acid in 1952 found that mentally challenged teenage boys who were given glutamic acid for 10 months responded well and almost half increased their IQ scores by up to 11 points. A Boston University study published in a 2010 edition of "Experimental Neurology" found that people with Parkinson's disease have significantly lower levels of glutamic acid in their Glutamic acid may also play roles in schizophrenia, depression, addiction and alcoholism.

Muscle Functions
Glutamic acid is of particular interest to athletes, especially bodybuilders, because it is involved in the regeneration and recovery of damaged muscle cells following periods of intensive exertion. Over 60 percent of the amino acids found within skeletal muscle is L-glutamine, which is derived from glutamic acid's catabolism of ammonia. L-glutamine is needed for protein metabolism, which is essential for muscle repair and growth. Further, glutamic acid is an intermediary in cellular metabolism and energy production, which is why it helps reduce fatigue. Due to its effect on muscle cells, glutamic acid may prove effective in the treatment of muscular dystrophy and other muscle wasting conditions.
Other Benefits

GABA

A number of anti-wrinkle creams out there contain GABA. Is that a good thing? Is GABA really an essential ingredient in anti-aging creams? Or is it something that just adds to the cost of the product?

GABA is short for gamma amino butyric acid, a non-essential amino acid that naturally occurs in the body and serves to inhibit, rather than excite or stimulate, responses. Because of its relaxant properties,

GABA is effective in:
•    treating anxiety and sleep disorders
•    enhancing mood
•    the secretion of the human growth hormone (HGH)
•    calming the nervous system

Secratatropin Ingredients 11

Last but not least, the final ingredient of Secratatropin, L-Ornithine.

L-ornithine is a non-protein amino acid, meaning that it is synthesized from protein molecules in the body. This amino acids which are often used by bodybuilders and those in the fitness industry to improve how their bodies produce muscle.

L-ornithine is mostly used because it helps the body to produce HGH which will lead to increased muscle size and strength. This amino acid is also helpful in wound healing and collagen production because of the detoxification properties it encourages and the increased protein synthesis. L-Ornithine is most often combined with Arginine for their synergistic properties.

L-Ornithine is also used to assist in liver and gallbladder cleansing because it helps to produce urea that is used to flush toxic substances out of the liver. Because of the detoxification properties of the amino acid it is thought to decrease the incidence of gallstones and liver toxins.
(L-ornithine Side Effects | eHow.com http://www.ehow.com/about_5047324_lornithine-side-effects.html#ixzz1qUe9vNjm)

Ornithine is an amino acid found in fish, meat, eggs, and dairy, but the body also produces it when arginine is metabolized, producing urea.

Benefits
- elevating the growth hormone levels
- vital in the anti-aging process
- help the body to recover fast from trauma, burns, infections and even cancer
- increases insulin
- build and maintain muscles during intensive physical training
- helps deal with muscle loss that happens during the aging process
- Surgical or traumatic injury increases the body’s need for L-Ornithine to repair damaged tissue and bone.

Secratatropin Ingredients 9

L-Lysine is listed as one of Secratatropin's ingredient.

Lysine (abbreviated as Lys or K) is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)(CH2)4NH2. It is an essential amino acid, which means that the human body cannot synthesize it.

Dietary sources
Good sources of lysine are foods rich in protein such as soy, as well as meat (specifically red meat, lamb, pork, and poultry), cheese (particularly Parmesan), certain fish (such as cod and sardines), and eggs.

Lysine is the limiting amino acid (the essential amino acid found in the smallest quantity in the particular foodstuff) in most cereal grains, but is plentiful in most pulses (legumes). Consequently, meals that combine cereal grains and legumes, such as the Indian dal with rice, Middle Eastern hummus, ful medames, falafel with pita bread, the Mexican beans with rice or tortilla have arisen to provide complete protein in diets that are, by choice or by necessity, vegetarian. A food is considered to have sufficient lysine if it has at least 51 mg of lysine per gram of protein (so that the protein is 5.1% lysine).

L-Lysine Benefits: Functions & Benefits of L-Lysine
- L-Lysine natural help for shingles exists. Shingles lesions are painful due to reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus. L-Lysine appears to help treat the eruption of shingles. However, there still needs to be more research conducted to definitively proclaim it a major factor. Many have used steroids an antiviral drugs as well. Herbalists say it is helpful as well.

- L-Lysine benefits include reducing the severity of herpes-related cold sores. L-Lysine inhibits the herpes virus. It prevents and relieves cold sores around genital areas, which are type 2 herpes as well as helping type 1 herpes, which is not as harsh as type 2.

- Benefits of L-Lysine also include a role in promoting good bone health
As L-Lysine is necessary for collagen synthesis, it has a role to play in healthy skin, ligaments, and tendons.

Lysine helps the body absorb calcium and decreases the amount of calcium that is lost in urine. Because calcium is crucial for bone health, some researchers think lysine may help prevent bone loss associated with osteoporosis. Lab studies suggest that lysine in combination with L-arginine (another amino acid) makes bone building cells more active and enhances production of collagen. But no studies have examined whether lysine helps prevent osteoporosis in humans.
(Read more: http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/lysine-000312.htm#ixzz1qBzYRI3h)

- When taken with vitamin C, l-lysine appears to help symptoms of the heart condition angina pectoris.

- Also, since low levels of l-lysine have been associated with depression, chronic viral infections, asthma, and low levels of thyroid hormones, there are possible l-lysine benefits for people with those conditions as well.

- Further, l-lysine appears to work with equal amounts of the amino acid arginine to build muscle.

Secratatropin Ingredients 8

L-Valine is included as Secratatropin's ingredients.

Valine (abbreviated as Val or V)[3] is an α-amino acid with the chemical formula HO2CCH(NH2)CH(CH3)2.  L-Valine is not processed by the liver, it is taken up by muscles.

L-Valine is one of 20 proteinogenic amino acids.
Valine is an essential amino acid, hence it must be ingested, usually as a component of proteins. Amino acids are essential for everyday body functions, as well as for maintaining muscle and regulation of the immune system. It is synthesized in plants via several steps starting from pyruvic acid. The initial part of the pathway also leads to leucine.

Human dietary sources include cottage cheese, fish, poultry, peanuts, sesame seeds, and lentils. L-Valine is suitable for vegetarians.

L-Valine is necessary for smooth nervous system and cognitive functioning. It is one of the three Branched Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs), the other two being L-leucine and L-isoleucine.

Valine is commonly used by bodybuilders, in conjunction with isoleucine and leucine to promote muscle growth. It also provides energy and helps to repair tissues that are damaged during physical activity.
It increases cognitive function and smooths nervous system functioning. L-Valine assists in maintaining proper nitrogen balance in the human body.

Valine is necessary for muscle metabolism and growth of muscle tissue. It also helps to maintain the proper amount of nitrogen in the body. Because it is a branched-chain amino acid, Valine can be used as an energy source in your muscles, preserving the use of glucose.

Because Valine is so essential for preserving, repairing and building muscle tissue, it is recommended for people involved with bodybuilding and other sports that require excessive use of the muscles.